What is Intraarticular Knee Injection?
Knee pain and stiffness can be disabling and difficult to treat. It can limit an individual’s lifestyle and negatively impact body image and emotional well-being.
An intra-articular knee injection can be a very effective form of treatment where medicine is delivered directly into the knee joint with the primary objective of relieving pain from conditions such as arthritis.
Intra-articular knee injections are usually recommended when the pain has not responded to traditional conservative treatments such as anti-inflammatory medications, physical therapy, activity modification, or ice therapy.
Types
There are various types of intra-articular injections. Depending on your condition, Dr. McNabb may recommend an intra-articular injection of:
Dr. McNabb may recommend an intra-articular injection of corticosteroids (also commonly called simply steroid or cortisone injection) to reduce inflammation in the knee joint. Corticosteroids prevent the production of inflammatory enzymes that are naturally produced in response to an acute injury or arthritic conditions.
Hyaluronic acid is a naturally occurring substance in the joints that provides lubrication and acts as a shock absorber. With arthritis, this substance is largely deficient, leading to worsening of the condition. Hyaluronic acid injections into the knee can help reduce pain and improve range of motion.
Platelet-rich plasma or PRP is obtained from your blood and may be used in an intra-articular injection of the knee joint to encourage tissue regeneration, reduce pain and improve function.
Arthrocentesis is a procedure where an excess joint fluid is removed with a needle that is inserted into the joint space. It is done to reduce swelling and pain in the knee. Usually, after removing the excess joint fluid from the knee, your doctor will use the same puncture site to inject a corticosteroid preparation or anesthetic to further alleviate pain and inflammation.
Indications
Intra-articular knee injections are commonly indicated for knee conditions such as:
- Osteoarthritis
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Gout
- Swelling and pain in the knee caused by an acute injury
Procedure
Intra-articular knee injections may be performed using various approaches. During the procedure, you will be seated or will lie on your back with the affected knee flexed or extended. The skin over the injection site is sterilized and numbed with a cryospray to decrease pain.
The needle is inserted into your knee joint and the medication is injected. In some cases, ultrasound imaging is used to help guide the needle to the correct site. You may feel some mild discomfort during the injection. A small dressing is then applied over the injection site to complete the procedure.
Post-injection Care
Post-injection care will include the following instructions:
- You have no restrictions on activits, but your knee have slight discomfort after the injection for up to 2 days
- Apply ice on the injection site for comfort
- Rest, elevation and medicines such as NSAIDS may be helpful to relieve pain and swelling
- Gentle range of motion exercises are recommended
Risks and Complications
Intra-articular knee injections are a relatively safe procedure. However, as with any procedure, there may be certain risks and complications such as:
- Infection at the injection site
- Reaction at the injection site
- Pain or swelling at the injection site
